The article tackles the state and the evolution of the Internal Market, in particular the eternal tension between centralisation and unification on the one hand, and local diversity on the other. The argument presented here proceeds in three steps. First, the Internal Market remains a remarkably incomplete structure. Although quite elegant as a model on paper, the default requirement of mutual recognition is an unusually vague principle, the f...

This article critically assesses the provisions of Directive 2021/2167 on credit servicers and credit purchasers regarding the regulation of informal abusive debt collection practices within the European Union. Through a regulatory and comparative analysis, the article discusses the positive and negative aspects of the approach employed by the European Union legislature in regulating informal abusive debt collection practices and a...

On 23 October 2019, the Directive nr. 2019/1937 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law was adopted with a twofold objective: improving the enforcement of European Union law and policies in specific areas and laying down common minimum standards for a high level of protection of „whistleblowers”, meaning persons reporting breaches of law mainly in a work-related context. Given the very broad scope of the Direct...

This article discusses the main elements of Directive 2017/828/UE amending Directive 2007/36/EC as regards the encouragement of long-term shareholder engagement. Directive 2007/36/EC (Shareholder Rights Directive) was adopted in 2007 and, ten years later, in May 2017, it was strengthened through Directive 2017/828/UE (Shareholder Engagement Directive). The primary obj...