The article deals with the implications that the values of the European Union have for the Member States, bearing in mind the central place of these values, listed in Article 2 TEU, in the European legal order. Among these values, the rule of law is the backbone of the modern democratic society. Courts of law – as independent arbitrators – are the guardians of the rule of law. Given the central role of national courts in the EU’s constitution...

National identity that Article 4(2) of the Treaty of the European Union (TEU) refers to was interpreted by some constitutional courts of Member States as an exception from the principle of supremacy of European Union law. Even if it has not defined national or constitutional identity, the Romanian Constitutional Court stated that Article 4(2) TEU creates limits to the European integration process, consisting in fundamental political...