The Court of Justice is the institution that interprets European Union law, and its rulings are binding for national and European courts and authorities. The Court has delivered judgments in various fields, such as competition, consumer protection, data protection, cybersecurity, journalism, the right to information, data access, freedom of expression, and good administration, which indirectly influence the use of the internet.

The idea staying at the core of the present study came up after a thorough analysis of the several cases the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) issued in connection with disputes recently occurred between the two worlds of international arbitration and European Union consumer policy. Those disputes are the result of a wrong practice more and more exploited by big private investors. The latter, taking advantage of the little knowledge...