The Digital Markets Act (DMA) has the potential to not only revolutionise the framework for EU competition law in its current form, but also transform the application of fundamental rights. As part of the EU’s wider digital agenda and together with its twin regulation the Digital Services Act (DSA), the DMA aims at ending the negative connotations of notoriously under-regulated and economically motivated internet use, while at the s...

At the end of 2018, the European Parliament and Council adopted Directive (EU) 2019/1, often referred to as the ‘ECN+ Directive’, which, among other things, contains provisions ensuring the independence of the competition authorities of the EU Member States (‘national competition authorities’ or ‘NCAs’), which are, together with the European Commission, responsible for the enforcement of the EU antitrust rules laid down in Articles...