Common rules in the European Union (EU) on transfer of proceedings in criminal matters are needed. At least organized crime and cybercrime should be investigated by the same judicial authority or by different judicial authorities working in a coordinated way. Future common rules should lead to predictable substantial and procedural criminal law. Also procedural guarantees of defendants and victims should be taken care of. Transnatio...

Judicial independence is a constitutional tradition of all Member States of the European Union. Therefore, the independence of the judiciary is a principle of European Union law. All Member States assert that they guarantee the right to a fair trial, and as a direct consequence of that, the right of access to an independent court. Without rule of law we cannot have judicial independence. We need to accept that a formal democracy int...

The loyal cooperation between judicial authorities should be a principle of European Union law. Even if mutual trust is presumed between national judicial systems, one must acknowledge that in every case the mutual trust can be lost or built. Better justice is needed in every Member State in order to enhance the confidence of the European citizens in the European Union. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and of the ...